独立行政法人国際協力機構（JICA）の青年海外協力隊としてザンビアに赴任した半井真明氏（右）と国際ジャーナリストとして活躍するモーリー· ロバートソン氏
＜開発コンサルタントを目指し、ザンビアに赴任した半井真明氏。「人材育成への気付きが起業に繋がった」と語る彼は、開発途上国での課題解決に取り組むことを目的とする青年海外協力隊として、どんな経験を積み、どんな可能性を拓いたのか＞
開発途上国での課題解決に取り組むことを目的とし、1965年から活動を続けている独立行政法人国際協力機構（JICA）の青年海外協力隊。帰国後は日本や世界で、２年間にわたる活動で得られた経験を生かしたさらなる活躍が期待されている。
協力隊経験者と国際ジャーナリストとして活躍するモーリー· ロバートソン氏との対談から、未来を切り拓く可能性を探りたい。
スマホは普及している、アフリカ· ザンビアへ赴任
ロバートソン 最初に以前の経歴やJICA海外協力隊に応募した経緯について教えてもらえますか。
半井 大学で建築を学んだ後、日本の会社で都市計画コンサルティングに従事。友人からJICA海外協力隊の話を聞き、開発途上国で都市計画の仕事をしたいと思っていました。偶然ザンビアで都市計画の職種で募集があったのです。
ロバートソン ザンビアと聞くと、怖気づいて「ほかの方どうぞ」と言ってしまいそうです（笑）。第一印象はどうでしたか。
半井 首都のルサカは予想外に都会でした。空は青くて大地は赤く、現地の人達が着ている服の原色が美しい。でも高層ビルが建ち、町はきれいに整備されているので不思議な気分でした。都市部では多くの人がスマートフォンを所有し、その後スマホ決済が急速に普及する土壌があったのも意外でした。
ロバートソン 先進国のようにまずは道路が整備されて、次に上下水道が通ってという段階的に開発が進むわけではなく、雨が降ったら通れなくなるような道が走っている村でも携帯電話の電波は飛んでいる状況ですね。活動はどんなことをされていたのですか。
半井 地方自治住宅省の北部州事務所に派遣され、都市計画を策定しました。関連したデータをデータベース化したり、CADやGIS（地理情報システム）の技術を教えたり。
印象に残っているのは、タンザニアとの国境近くで行ったボーダータウンの開発。タンザニアに輸出する際に、通常はザンビア側で輸出手続き、タンザニア側で輸入手続きという２回のストップがあるのですが、これを１回で終わらせようというもの。周辺も開発していくという興味深いプロジェクトでした。
驚くほどの短期間でCADを身につけた理由
ロバートソン アフリカに限った話ではありませんが、開発途上国の都市計画というと、不透明性の高さなどもあって大変そうです。スムーズに進みましたか。
半井 予算がなくて頓挫することは度々ありました。最初は日本式のスキームで考えていたのですが、現地のニーズに合わないのと、実行できる部隊がいないので軌道修正。日本のように利便性の高い都市計画ではなく、現地の人が維持管理できる身の丈にあった都市のあり方を考えるようになりました。
ロバートソン そうやって現地の人達に歩み寄り、落としどころを見つけていくわけですね。人材を育成するという視点で何か気付いたことはありましたか。
半井 一番重要なのは彼らにとってお金になるかどうか。教える技術がすぐにお金に変わるような取り組みであれば、技術を習得するスピードは驚くほど早いんです。
例えばCADを習得できれば、自分の友人の家を設計することで、個人的な収入が増えるわけです。そのおかげで私のいた事務所の８割方はCADで設計できるようになり、その後の業務を効率化することができました。
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